
How to plan your garden design and layout
The first step to creating a beautiful garden is having a clear vision of what you want it to look like and how you want to use it. Do you want a relaxing oasis, a productive vegetable patch, a colourful flower bed, or a combination of these? Do you want a formal or informal style, a modern or traditional look, or something in between? Do you want to attract wildlife, create privacy, or entertain guests?

To help you answer these questions, you can start by browsing some garden magazines, books, websites, or blogs for inspiration. You can also visit some local gardens or nurseries to see what plants and styles suit your taste and climate. You can also use some online tools or apps to sketch out your garden design and layout, such as Garden Planner or SmartDraw.
Once you have an idea of what you want, you need to measure your space and take note of the existing features, such as fences, walls, paths, trees, sheds, or water features. You also need to consider the soil type, drainage, sun exposure, wind direction, and climate of your area. These factors will affect the types of plants you can grow and the materials you can use.
Next, you need to decide on the main elements of your garden design and layout, such as:
- The shape and size of your lawn (if any)
- The location and width of your beds and borders
- The types and colours of your paving or decking
- The placement and style of your seating and dining areas
- The position and height of your trellis, pergola, arch, or arbour
- The arrangement and size of your pots and containers
- The location and type of your lighting and water features
You can use some simple rules of thumb to create a balanced and harmonious garden design and layout, such as:
- Use curves or angles to create interest and movement
- Use repetition or contrast to create unity or diversity
- Use symmetry or asymmetry to create formality or informality
- Use scale and proportion to create balance and perspective
- Use focal points or accents to create drama and attention
You can also use some design principles to create a beautiful garden that suits your personality and lifestyle, such as:
- Use colour theory to create different moods and effects
- Use texture theory to create different sensations and feelings
- Use fragrance theory to create different aromas and memories
- Use sound theory to create different ambiances and atmospheres
Finally, you need to plan your budget and timeline for your garden project. You need to estimate how much money and time you can spend on your garden design and layout. You also need to prioritise what tasks you need to do first and what tasks you can do later. You also need to consider if you need any professional help or advice for any aspects of your garden project.
How to choose the best plants for your garden

The second step to creating a beautiful garden is choosing the best plants for your garden. Plants are the lifeblood of any garden. They provide colour, texture, fragrance, sound, food, shelter, and beauty. They also have different functions in your garden design and layout. They can define spaces, create boundaries, add height, fill gaps, soften edges, hide flaws, attract wildlife, repel pests, or provide shade.
To choose the best plants for your garden, you need to consider the following factors:
- The purpose of each plant in your garden design and layout
- The growing conditions of each plant in terms of soil type, drainage, sun exposure, wind direction, climate zone etc.
- The maintenance requirements of each plant in terms of watering, fertilising, pruning, mulching, weeding, pest control etc.
- The aesthetic qualities of each plant in terms of shape, size, colour, texture, fragrance, sound etc.
- The seasonal interest of each plant in terms of flowering, fruiting, foliage, bark, seed heads etc.
To help you choose the best plants for your garden, you can use some online tools or apps that suggest suitable plants based on your criteria. For example: Shoot , GardenTags , or Plant Finder .
You can also use some plant categories to narrow down your choices, such as:
Annuals: These are plants that complete their life cycle in one year. They are usually grown for their flowers or foliage. They are ideal for adding instant colour and variety to your garden. They need to be replaced every year. Some examples are: petunias, marigolds, pansies, zinnias, or cosmos.
Perennials: These are plants that live for more than two years. They are usually grown for their flowers or foliage. They are ideal for creating a permanent structure and backbone to your garden. They need to be divided or cut back every few years. Some examples are: roses, lavender, peonies, hostas, or geraniums.
Bulbs: These are plants that store food in underground structures called bulbs, corms, tubers, or rhizomes. They are usually grown for their flowers or foliage. They are ideal for adding seasonal interest and surprise to your garden. They need to be planted or lifted at specific times of the year. Some examples are: daffodils, tulips, hyacinths, crocuses, or lilies.
Shrubs: These are woody plants that have multiple stems and branches. They are usually grown for their flowers, foliage, fruit, or bark. They are ideal for creating height, depth, and privacy in your garden. They need to be pruned or shaped at specific times of the year. Some examples are: hydrangeas, azaleas, camellias, holly, or boxwood.
Trees: These are woody plants that have a single trunk and branches. They are usually grown for their flowers, foliage, fruit, bark, or shape. They are ideal for creating shade, structure, and drama in your garden. They need to be planted or removed with care and expertise. Some examples are: magnolia, cherry, apple, birch, or maple.
Climbers: These are plants that grow upwards by clinging or twining around a support. They are usually grown for their flowers or foliage. They are ideal for covering walls, fences, trellis, pergola, arch, or arbour in your garden. They need to be trained or tied at specific times of the year. Some examples are: clematis, wisteria, honeysuckle, jasmine, or ivy.
Grasses: These are plants that have narrow leaves and stems. They are usually grown for their foliage or seed heads. They are ideal for adding texture, movement, and sound to your garden. They need to be cut back or divided at specific times of the year. Some examples are: miscanthus, carex, pennisetum, stipa, or festuca.
Herbs: These are plants that have aromatic leaves or flowers. They are usually grown for their culinary, medicinal, or cosmetic uses. They are ideal for adding fragrance, flavour, and colour to your garden. They need to be harvested or trimmed regularly. Some examples are: basil, mint, rosemary, thyme, or lavender.
Vegetables: These are plants that produce edible parts such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, or seeds. They are usually grown for their nutritional value and taste. They are ideal for adding freshness and variety to your garden and kitchen. They need to be sown, planted, watered, fed, harvested etc at specific times of the year. Some examples are: carrots, lettuce, tomatoes, peppers, or beans.
Fruits: These are plants that produce edible fruits such as berries, drupes, pomes, citrus etc. They are usually grown for their nutritional value and taste. They are ideal for adding sweetness and colour to your garden and kitchen. They need to be pruned, pollinated, protected etc at specific times of the year. Some examples are: strawberries, raspberries, apples, pears, or oranges.
When choosing the best plants for your garden, you also need to consider how they will look together in terms of colour combinations and plant associations.
You can use some colour schemes to create different effects in your garden, such as:
- Monochromatic: This is when you use different shades of the same colour in your garden. This creates a harmonious and soothing effect. For example: blue hydrangeas with blue delphiniums and blue lobelia .
- Analogous: This is when you use colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel in your garden. This creates a warm and cozy effect. For example: yellow daffodils with orange tulips and red poppies .
- Complementary: This is when you use colours
Find your garden stuff
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